Factoid

After analyzing 70,000 corporate earnings reports dating back ten years, Bespoke Investment Group found that the overall beat rate of consensus analyst estimates was 62%, according to its own release. The beat rates for the major sectors were as follows: 69% (Technology); 63% (Consumer Discretionary); 63% (Health Care); 63% (Industrials); 61% (Consumer Staples); 59% (Financials); 59% (Energy); 56% (Materials); 55% (Utilities); and Telecommunications (49%).

Here's when you can stop signing your emails with 'best'

ou know how it goes. You begin the email to your boss, colleague, client, or HR director with a proper greeting. You cross your Ts and dot your Is, and you conclude the message with a formal signature such as “Best” or “Sincerely.” The email recipient responds with the same formality, addressing you in a standard greeting, and then writing out a couple of grammatically sound paragraphs before wrapping up the note with a similar signature; maybe it’s “Regards,” or the more casual, “Cheers.” Since that message requires a response from you, you continue to play along with what you think is the professional way — typing out the full greeting (again), composing the body of the message, and then concluding with “All the best, [Your Name].” You continue to do this after multiple back and forths even though it eventually seems totally pointless and even a little bit awkward. You’ve got to get good with ditching the formal speak Unless you work in a super stiff corporate office, where even exclamation points are frowned upon, you’ve got to get good with ditching the formal speak, particularly if communicating with your boss or colleagues throughout the workday is a frequent occurrence. As soon as it feels natural to scrap the “Hello, [Name of Person]” pleasantries and the redundant “Thanks, [Your Name]” goodbyes, do it. And to help you actually feel OK about doing this (and not like an etiquette monster), I’ve come up with a few guidelines. 1. Feel free to follow suit While it can be tempting to formalize all exchanges if it’s what you’re accustomed to or because it’s how you were taught, a lot of the time, it’s just not necessary. Pay attention to your workplace cues, or you’ll just end up sticking out. If your boss forwards you an email with nothing more than a note about taking a look to see if it’s of interest, and you reply with a formal message, I promise you, you’re not winning any brownie points — you’re only clogging up his or her inbox and ignoring how your team handles casual correspondence. Or, if your colleagues start communicating with you in a casual way (without addressing you by name or including an official sign-off), accept that as your sign to respond in kind. 2. Switch it up (depending on who you're talking to) Just because you reach a point where you drop the "best" with your manager doesn’t mean you should abolish the word from your vocabulary altogether. It doesn’t matter if your last boss made it clear that adopting an informal tone was intolerable; you’re not working for her anymore. Though, a word of caution, just because you reach a point where you drop the "best" with your manager doesn’t mean you should abolish the word from your vocabulary altogether. If you’re regularly speaking with someone you’ve never met and your relationship is more formal than not, don’t be so quick to sign off without including a proper closing, especially if you're on the fence about how to proceed. Erring on the side of caution will always be sound advice. Know this: Switching it up doesn’t just apply to different people. Even if a correspondence with one person starts out formally, you’re allowed to jump into the meat of the topic when you’re discussing an item across a long email thread — rather than bother with any greetings or sign-offs. 3. Consider timing If you go on vacation for a week and return to the office with a list of questions for your boss, who you haven’t spoken to or seen since you went away, it’s probably best to begin that first email back with a pleasantry such as “Good Morning,” “Hope you’ve been well,” or, if your manager was the one on holiday, “Welcome back” — even if you and your supervisor usually skip the greeting or small talk. Minding time lapses is also important for exchanges with outside clients or vendors. If you’re in touch once a week or just a couple times a month, it may be appropriate to start off the initial message after some time has passed with the go-to intro and the appropriate closing signature. A monthly touch-base with a senior member of your department may also require you to lean toward writing more conservatively. If that initial message results in a significant back and forth across a couple of days, then it’s probably fine to reduce the formal factor, especially if the other party has done so.

False Recession

With the S&P 500 down 10.5% through February 11th, questions about the health of the economy seem to intensify daily. The concerns typically go something like this:  If the financial markets are a predictor of where the economy is headed, has the plow horse finally lost traction?  Is a recession looming?  

An old joke says the stock market has predicted 19 of the last five recessions.  Stocks don't always lead the economy, and earnings clearly don't show that things are awful.  With 375 S&P 500 companies having reported Q4 earnings as of February 11th, 70.7% have beat estimates, although earnings are down 5% from a year ago it's all due to just one sector, energy. Of the 375 companies that have reported, only 23 of them have been energy. Excluding those 23 energy companies, earnings for the other 352 companies are up 1.0% from a year ago.  So, for those claiming the market drop is due to declining earnings, it seems more like an energy story than an economic one. It's plow horse earnings growth outside of energy, but it's earnings growth.

Pseudo-Economics

Thanks to Brian Wesbury for this commentary.


To paraphrase the late Jude Wanniski – the history of man is a battle between the creation of wealth and the redistribution of wealth. Jude was a Supply-Sider, which means an economist who believes that entrepreneurship and supply (not demand) drives economic growth.

Jude didn't invent this. Adam Smith and Joseph Schumpeter, along with Austrian economists, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek and the late, great Milton Friedman were all instrumental in the development of free market thought; the appreciation of entrepreneurship; and the importance of small government.

The other great contribution of the Austrians and Milton Friedman was in monetary policy. Friedman proved the Federal Reserve caused the Great Depression, while Ludwig von Mises talked of a "crack-up boom" – a money and credit-fueled boom that ended in a massive economic contraction and collapse. While Nobel Prizes have become a joke, both Friedman (for monetary thought) and Hayek (for proving Socialism fails) won them.

These thoughts were the intellectual underpinning of the Thatcher, Reagan, Wałęsa, and Clinton boom of the 1980s and 1990s. They also led to a USSR collapse.

Since then, a cottage-industry of copy-cat, Wiki-reading, blog-writing, pseudo-economists has sprung up. Fueled by a misunderstanding of 2008, these prognosticators, using selective excerpts from Austrian thinkers, have created an entire theory that the US economy today is in a "crack-up boom." The boom, according to them, has been caused by the Fed, QE and zero-percent interest rates, and now that the Fed has tapered and started hiking rates, it's over and a bust is on its way.

These ideas and forecasts find fertile ground because so many investors are still scared of 2008. They have "hypochondria" or "PTSD" as opposed to faith in free markets. And, if someone tells them the only reason stocks are up in the past seven years is because of easy money, and if there is plausible basis for believing this, many investors feel like the market could collapse at any moment.

And this is the nub of the matter. The pseudo-Austrians have focused almost solely on money; they've forgotten the entrepreneur. So, with the Fed tightening, everything becomes bad and requires some reaction by government. Falling oil prices (which should be viewed as a great supply-side success) are viewed as a demand-side (money) problem. China, which is a communist country, becomes a problem that government must manage. In other words, these so-called Austrian thinkers have, in effect, become demand-siders because they focus so much attention on what government is doing.

We view the world through Austrian and Monetarist thought processes, but we don't see anything like what the doom and gloom crowd does. We believe quantitative easing did not boost economic growth because banks shoveled that money straight into excess reserves. Even after the recent Fed tightening, there are still roughly $2.3 trillion in Excess Reserves in the banking system. This is the first Fed tightening in history that doesn't really reduce liquidity in the banking system.

We also believe new technologies, like fracking, 3-D printing, cheap and quick manipulation of the genome map, the cloud, apps, smartphones, faster communication and computer chips – in other words, good old entrepreneurship is driving profits and economic output inexorably upward.

And when we step back, the past six years suggests the creation of wealth is proceeding fast enough to offset the growing redistribution of wealth. The economy is not growing as fast as it could, but it is growing nonetheless. Ludwig von Mises called entrepreneurs "Angels." These Angels have been eking out a victory against big government. It's a small victory, creating Plow Horse growth, but there is no reason to suspect it has come to an end. Stay positive. Real Austrians do. 

The Ghost of 2008 and Pouting Pundits of Pessimism

The ghost of 2008 (a once-in-a-century economic panic caused by mark-to-market accounting) is influencing many analysts, journalists, money managers, and policy-makers, who still don't really understand what happened.

As a result, with the Federal Reserve on the verge of lifting interest rates by ¼ of 1%, these pouting pundits of pessimism are freaking out because it's the first rate hike in a decade and junk bond yields are soaring in a way reminiscent of the Lehman Brothers failure in September 2008.

 A story written in the Wall Street Journal by the well-connected John Hilsenrath says, many economists believe the Fed will lift rates now only to cut them back to zero in the future. This argument is based on some relatively obscure historical data and fears that something bad "might happen."

But these arguments are just forecasts based on fear, and a misguided narrative that economic growth and rising stock prices since 2009 have been a "sugar high," caused by the Fed's easy money policy. We don't believe that. Yes, the Fed bought a lot of bonds, but the banks hold a vast majority of that money in excess reserves. That's why inflation remains low.

Growth has been powered by new technology, not Fed policy. Oil prices are down because of new supply, not a "potential" set of rate hikes sometime in the future. In addition, regulatory over-reach, otherwise known as Dodd-Frank, has limited the depth and breadth of bond markets as banks fear being labeled proprietary traders.

Three small High Yield (junk bond) funds are in various stages of shutting down due to a lack of liquidity combined with redemption requests.  Other funds face redemptions as well, leading many to argue that there is a lack of liquidity in the high-yield bond market.

Is this Lehman Brothers all over again? We highly doubt it. A Fed rate hike has been a long time coming and any investor or fund that wasn't prepared for this is highly suspect. Moreover, now that overly strict mark-to-market accounting rules have been fixed, any systemic problems are highly unlikely.

In 2008, Tier One capital ratios at the four largest banks were just 7.5%. Today, these banks have 12.1% capital ratios. Moreover, after the Fed does tighten, the banking system will still have over $2.5 trillion in excess reserves. In other words, raising rates will not reduce available liquidity in any significant way.

In the past year, the M2 money supply is up 5.8%, commercial and industrial loans have grown 11.4% and corporations have record amounts of cash on their books. There is no evidence of tight money or liquidity constraints. Any business, individual, fund, or institution that needs zero percent interest rates to survive should not exist.

In 2013, when Ben Bernanke said he would like to end Quantitative Easing, the markets had a "taper tantrum." Today's market turmoil is the equivalent of that emotional upheaval. In the end, tapering happened, the economy kept growing and the stock market moved to new highs. The same will be true for this rate hike as well.

Bryan S. Westbury  Chief Economist at First Trust

Heros and Critics

Donald Trump isn't qualified to judge whom is a hero and who is not. While Trump was taking deferment after deferment by staying in school to dodge the draft, War Hero McCain spent over 5 years as a Prisoner Of War in a North Vietnam prison camp after being shot down. McCain was injured in the crash and tortured while in prison. McCain was honored with 17 military awards and decorations. Those include the Silver Star Medal, the Legion of Merit, a Distinguished Flying Cross and a Bronze Star Medal. McCain's politics (like them or not) have nothing to do with the fact that he served our country with great honor and dignity and he is a war hero in every sense of the term.
Torture to Trump may very well be when his hair stylist takes a little too much off the top. Trump's only star is the one on his dressing room door because of a TV show. In comparison to McCain, Trump is nothing. This post is more attention than he is worthy of!

Stock Market Corrections

Data from Bespoke Investment Group shows that, since the 3/9/09 market low, the S&P 500 has experienced 20 declines of 5% or more but less than 20%, according to USA TODAY. The smallest pullback was 5.30% (8/31/11-9/9/11). The biggest drop reached 17.27% (7/7/11-8/8/11). In 2014, the S&P 500 posted 53 record closes. The index, however, also suffered four pullbacks ranging from 4% to 7%. The S&P 500 has not endured a 10% correction in more than three years. Historically, 10% sell-offs occur about every 18 months or so.
Thanks for reading, David Eckess